Consider the following statements about Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid) : 1. It is an epiphytic orchid. 2. The species is endemic to North-east India. 3. It is the State flower of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

The correct answer is Option B (1 and 3).

Statement 1 is correct: Rhynchostylis retusa, commonly known as the Foxtail Orchid, is an epiphytic orchid belonging to the Vanda alliance. Epiphytic plants grow on the surface of other plants (such as tree trunks) for physical support. They do not grow in soil, but instead derive moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and accumulated organic debris.

Statement 2 is incorrect: A species is "endemic" when it is native and exclusively restricted to a single geographical location. The Foxtail Orchid is not endemic to North-east India. It boasts a wide geographical distribution across tropical Asia and is naturally found in countries like Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Within India, it is found not only in the Northeast but also in states like Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.

Statement 3 is correct: Rhynchostylis retusa is officially recognised as the State flower of both Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Locally known as Kopou Phool in Assam, it holds immense cultural significance and forms an integral part of a female dancer's hair attire during the traditional Bohag Bihu festival. It is widely regarded as a symbol of love, joy, and fertility.

Takeaway: Remember the "Two A's" for the Foxtail Orchid—it is the state flower of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. While it is culturally vital to North-east India, its widespread presence across tropical Asia means it is not endemic to the region.