UPSC Mains ECONOMICS-PAPER-I 2025

29 Questions • 415 Marks • With Detailed Model Answers

1
10 Marks150 Wordseasy

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(a) Show that when prices and income increase in the same proportion, there will be no change in quantity demanded for a commodity in Marshallian approach.

EconomicsMicroeconomics
2
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(b) Interpret the slope of the IS curve. Why is IS curve normally negatively sloped ?

EconomicsMacroeconomics
3
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(c) What is classical dichotomy ? Is it the same as neutrality of money ? Explain.

EconomicsMonetary Economics
4
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(d) What are the major reasons for market failure ? Explain the role of the government in this context.

EconomicsPublic Economics
5
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(e) What are the determinants of velocity of money in Fisher's equation ? How does it differ from the Cambridge version of velocity of money ?

EconomicsMonetary Economics
6
20 Markshard

Derive Marshallian demand curve for an inferior good in a two-commodity framework by using income and substitution effects. Is this demand curve always negatively sloped ? Explain.

EconomicsMicroeconomics
7
15 Markshard

Consider a firm in a Duopoly market with product differentiation in which, Duopolist I faces a demand function given by :

P₁ = 200-4q₁-2q₂

The cost function of Duopolist I is :

C₁ = 5q₁²

Assume that Duopolist II has ⅓ rd share of the whole market.

Find out optimal price, output and profit for Duopolist I. Also find out the output of Duopolist II.

EconomicsMicroeconomics
8
15 Marksmedium

What is Scitovsky Paradox? Explain it in the context of Kaldor-Hicks compensation test.

EconomicsWelfare Economics
9
20 Markshard

Define liquidity trap. Show that fiscal policy is fully effective in the horizontal part while the monetary policy is fully effective in the vertical part of the LM curve. Illustrate your answer graphically with economic reasons.

EconomicsMacroeconomics
10
15 Marksmedium

How does the loanable fund theory become superior to the classical theory of interest ?

EconomicsMacroeconomics
11
15 Markshard

“The failure of classical full employment equilibrium paved the way for Keynes' theory of underemployment equilibrium." Discuss critically.

EconomicsMacroeconomics
12
20 Marksmedium

Explain the effects of public spending on national income, if it is financed through government borrowings.

Why do some believe that it is important to restrict the growth of public expenditure ? Suggest how public expenditure might be controlled.

EconomicsPublic Finance
13
15 Markshard

Suppose that the market demand and supply functions are given by:

Qd = - 500P + 5000

and Qs = 400P – 400

Find out the effects of imposition of specific sales tax of 18% on equilibrium price and quantity.

EconomicsMicroeconomics
14
15 Markshard

In a monopoly market, the demand and cost curves are given by :

p = 200 – 8q

and c = 25 + 10q

Suppose that the government imposes a tax of ₹ 10 per unit. How will equilibrium price and quantity be affected ?

EconomicsMicroeconomics
15
15 Marksmedium

Define money multiplier and discuss its determinants. Explain in terms of money multiplier, how the banking system of an economy can control money supply.

EconomicsMonetary Economics
16
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(a) Define offer curve and explain its slope.

EconomicsInternational Trade
17
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(b) What is J-curve effect ? Explain it graphically.

EconomicsInternational Trade
18
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(c) State Heckscher-Ohlin theory. Explain the Leontief Paradox in this context.

EconomicsInternational Trade
19
10 Marks150 Wordsmedium

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(d) Write down the implications of knife-edge problem in Harrod's model of growth.

EconomicsEconomic Growth
20
10 Marks150 Wordseasy

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(e) Write down the major limitations of HDI developed by the UNDP.

EconomicsDevelopment Economics
21
20 Marksmedium

Explain the price effect, protective effect, consumption effect, revenue effect and distributive effect of tariff in partial equilibrium framework.

EconomicsInternational Trade
22
15 Marksmedium

Define the concepts of trade creation and trade diversion. Explain their role in the context of gains from trade bloc.

EconomicsInternational Trade
23
15 Markshard

Do you think that perfect capital mobility under fixed exchange rate improves the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies ? Explain.

EconomicsMacroeconomics
24
20 Markshard

Analyse critically the role of human capital and Research and Development (R&D) expenditure on economic growth in the framework of endogenous growth model.

EconomicsEconomic Growth
25
15 Marksmedium

"Increasing role of multinationals has reduced the significance of foreign aid during post-World Trade Organization (WTO) regime." Do you agree with this statement ? Explain.

EconomicsInternational TradeDevelopment Economics
26
15 Marksmedium

Define the concept of natural growth in Harrod's model. What are the implications of deviation of actual growth from natural growth?

EconomicsEconomic Growth
27
20 Marksmedium

Explain the role of World Trade Organization (WTO) in the present context. Discuss the merits and demerits of TRIMs and TRIPs.

EconomicsInternational Trade
28
15 Marksmedium

Do you think that economic growth and sustainable development are contrary to each other? Justify your answer.

EconomicsSustainable Development
29
15 Marksmedium

Explain the role of planning in the development process in the context of increasing significance of market economy.

EconomicsDevelopment Economics