Consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution of India defines its 'basic structure' in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy. 2. The Constitution of India provides for 'judicial review' to safeguard the citizens' liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the Constitution is based. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Let's examine each statement: 1. The Constitution of India defines its 'basic structure' in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy. This statement is incorrect. The 'basic structure' doctrine is a judicial innovation that evolved through a series of Supreme Court judgments, most notably the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973). The Constitution of India itself does not explicitly define or list what constitutes its 'basic structure'. It is the judiciary that has, over time, identified various elements like federalism, secularism, democracy, republican nature, judicial review, etc., as part of this basic structure, which cannot be altered by parliamentary amendment. 2. The Constitution of India provides for 'judicial review' to safeguard the citizens' liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the Constitution is based. This statement is correct. The Constitution of India explicitly provides for judicial review in various articles. For example, Article 13 declares that laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights shall be void. Articles 32 and 226 empower the Supreme Court and High Courts, respectively, to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights and for other purposes. This power of judicial review is essential to check the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions, thereby safeguarding citizens' liberties and upholding constitutional ideals. Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.