India should ensure the growth of the digital economy while keeping personal data of citizens secure and protected. No one will innovate in a surveillance- oriented environment or in a place where an individual's personal information is compromised. The ultimate control of data must reside with the individuals who generate it; they should be enabled to use, restrict or monetise it as they wish. Therefore, data protection laws should enable the right kind of innovation - one that is user- centric and privacy protecting. Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Protection of privacy is not just a right, but it has value to the economy. 2. There is a fundamental link between privacy and innovation. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2Correct
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Explanation
The passage explicitly links both assumptions to its central argument.
Assumption 1: "Protection of privacy is not just a right, but it has value to the economy." The passage states, "India should ensure the growth of the digital economy while keeping personal data of citizens secure and protected." This directly connects the protection of personal data (privacy) to the growth of the digital economy, implying its economic value.
Assumption 2: "There is a fundamental link between privacy and innovation." The passage states, "No one will innovate in a surveillance- oriented environment or in a place where an individual's personal information is compromised." This directly establishes a link between a lack of privacy (surveillance, compromised information) and a lack of innovation. It further concludes, "Therefore, data protection laws should enable the right kind of innovation - one that is user- centric and privacy protecting," which reinforces the idea that privacy enables innovation.
Since both assumptions are clearly supported by the statements in the passage, both are valid.
The final answer is C.

Related questions
More UPSC Prelims practice from the same subject and topic.
- Prelims 2023CSATReading Comprehension
We often hear about conflicts among different States in India over river waters. Of the 20 major river systems, 14 are already water- stressed; 75% of the population lives in water- stressed regions, …
- Prelims 2023CSATReading Comprehension
More than half of Indian women and almost a quarter of Indian men of working age suffer from anaemia. According to studies, they are anywhere from 5 - 15% less productive than they could be, as a resu…
- Prelims 2023CSATReading Comprehension
In India, a majority of farmers are marginal and small, less educated and possess low adaptive capabilities to climate change, perhaps because of credit and other constraints. So, one cannot expect au…
- Prelims 2023CSATReading Comprehension
The emissions humans put into the atmosphere now will affect the climate in the middle of the century and onwards. Technological change, meanwhile, could make a future transition away from fossil fuel…
- Prelims 2023CSATReading Comprehension
Environmental problems cause health problems. Substantial changes in lifestyle can reduce environmental or health problems, but this idea appears almost impossible to adopt. With environmental problem…
- Prelims 2023CSATReading Comprehension
Many people are not eating the right food. For some, it is simply a decision to stick with food they enjoy but which is not too healthy. This is leading to an increase in non- communicable diseases. T…