UPSC Prelims 2023·GS1·polity-and-governance·constitution

In India, which one of the following Constitutional Amendments was widely believed to be enacted to overcome the judicial interpretations of the Fundamental Rights?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. A1st AmendmentCorrect
  2. B42nd Amendment
  3. C44th Amendment
  4. D86th Amendment

Explanation

The 1st Constitutional Amendment (1951) was enacted primarily to overcome judicial interpretations of Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court in cases like Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras (1950) and Brij Bhushan v. State of Delhi (1950) had struck down restrictions on freedom of speech. The 1st Amendment added reasonable restrictions to Article 19, inserted Articles 31A and 31B with the Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review, and added Article 15(4) to enable special provisions for socially and educationally backward classes. Note: This question was dropped by UPSC from the 2023 Prelims exam.
polity-and-governance: In India, which one of the following Constitutional Amendments was widely believed to be enacted to overcome the judicia

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