Access to schooling for those coming of school age is close to universal, but access to quality exhibits a sharp gradient with socioeconomic status. Quotas for the weaker sections in private schools is a provision introduced by the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. The quotas have imposed a debate on issues of social integration and equity in education that private actors had escaped by and large, The idea of egalitarian education system with equality of opportunity as its primary goal appears to be outside the space that private school principals inhabit. Therefore, the imposition of the quotas has led to resistance, sometimes justified, With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Making equality of opportunity a reality is the fundamental goal of the Indian education system. 2. The present Indian school system is unable to provide egalitarian education. 3. Abolition of private schools and establishment of more government schools is the only way to ensure egalitarian education. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? Xams Guide

The passage supports statements 1 and 2 as valid assumptions, but not statement 3. 1. Making equality of opportunity a reality is the fundamental goal of the Indian education system. The passage states, "The idea of egalitarian education system with equality of opportunity as its primary goal..." This directly implies that equality of opportunity is considered a primary goal of the education system, even if it's not fully realized. The introduction of quotas also aims to achieve this. 2. The present Indian school system is unable to provide egalitarian education. The passage highlights that "access to quality exhibits a sharp gradient with socioeconomic status" and discusses the need for quotas to address this inequality. This indicates that the current system is failing to provide egalitarian education. 3. Abolition of private schools and establishment of more government schools is the only way to ensure egalitarian education. The passage discusses quotas in private schools as a measure to promote social integration and equity. It does not suggest the abolition of private schools or that increasing government schools is the "only way." This statement is an extreme interpretation not supported by the text. Therefore, only assumptions 1 and 2 are valid.